Excerpt

     The most prominent form of instruction utilizing computer systems is known as Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI). The earlier versions of these systems tended to be based on Skinnerian principles and stressed methods such programmed instruction and drill and practice. Although some systems are still based on this method of delivery, content and design have improved considerably. However, these systems can sometimes still be thought of a nothing more than "electronic page turners" (Barr, 1982). Should these forms of systems be applied to the area of critical thinking, it would seem that their performance could be less than satisfactory.

     It would appear that computer-based instructional systems could have a better chance of fostering critical thinking skills if they included the principle of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Expert Systems (ES). In particular, CAI system incorporating the principles of AI and ES ar  known as Intelligent Computer Assisted Instruction (ICAI) or, in other words, Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS). These types of systems are not based on a static data base with a preset list of questions and answers. These systems are known as adaptive or reactive systems because questions and answers are not preset and, instead, alter their strategies based upon the actions and reactions of students.

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